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This article is about the city. See Kasur (disambiguation) for other uses.
Kasur
قصور
Qasūr
City
Kasur Exhibition hall on the Lahore-Kasur Street
Kasur Exhibition hall on the Lahore-Kasur Street
Civil Council Kasur
Civil Council Symbol
Kasur is situated in Punjab, PakistanPakistan Punjab help map.svgKasurKasur
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Arranges: 31°7′0″N 74°27′0″ECoordinates: 31°7′0′′N 74°27′0′′E Country Pakistan Province Punjab, Pakistan Punjab Division Lahore District Kasur Founded by the Pashtun Kheshgi tribe Government • Chairman District Council None (Vacant)[1] • DC Fayaz Ahmed Mohal[2] Elevation 218 m (715 ft) Population (2020)[3] • City 382,000 • Rank 24th, Pakistan Demonym Kasur Time zone UTC+5 (P (Listen) pronounced as "qsu" also known as Qasr in Arabic; from the pluralized Arabic word Qasr, which means "palaces" or "forts"[4]) is a city in the Pakistani province of Punjab, south of Lahore. Kasur District's headquarters are located in the city. Kasur is Pakistan's 24th largest city by population[5]. It is also known for being Bulleh Shah's burial site in the 17th century. The city is made up of 26 fortified hamlets that overlook the alluvial valleys of the Beas and Sutlej rivers.[9] Etymology Kasur gets its name from the Arabic and Persian word qasur (), which means "palaces" or "forts." It is further west of the border with India and borders Lahore, Sheikhupura, and the Okara District of Punjab Province.[6][7][8] According to Hindu mythology, Prince Kusha of the Ramayana, the son of the Hindu deities Rama and Sita, founded Kasur and gave it its name. That belief said that the city was called Kashawar, as was its neighbor, Lahore, which was called Lahawar. History The hilltop shrine of Shah Kamal Chisti is a popular Kasur shrine. Historical records deny that the city was founded earlier than 1525, when it was discovered as a fortified settlement.
During the Indus Valley civilization, the early Kasur region had forests and was used for agriculture. The Maurya Empire, the Indo-Greek kingdom, the Kushan Empire, the Gupta Empire, the White Huns, the Kushano-Hephthalites, and the Kabul Shahi kingdoms all ruled the Kasur region. Xuanzang, a Chinese pilgrim, is also said to have visited the area in 633 AD. When Alexander Cunningham wrote about his trip, he said that the place was full of tombs, mosques, and ruins. The city that is most commonly associated with Kasur was described as being on the right bank of the Beas (Sutlej), opposite the city of Lahore.[16] The arrival of the Islam Ghaznavids In 1005 CE, Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni established the Ghaznavid dynasty and took control of the region. After being conquered, this led to the introduction of Islam to the Northern Punjab region. Sufi missionaries were sent there to preach Islam, which made the Punjab region largely Muslim[17]. The city was later ruled by the Delhi Sultanate and the Mughals.
Kasur was built as a city by the Pashtun Kheshgi tribe, Pashtuns from Kabul who had moved to the area in 1525 from Afghanistan[18][19]. During the reign of Babur, the Kheshgi chieftaincy was established by building several small forts in the area.[20][21][22] The city was built as an aggregate of approximately twelve fortified hamlets, known as kots (), The Mughal Emperor Akbar ordered the construction of the 12 mahallahs, or abodes, which were named after the heads of various Pashtun families. Over time, some of these forts have suffered significant damage.[23][24] The city thrived under Mughal rule and was notable for its trade and commerce. Bulleh Shah, a legendary Sufi saint and well-known poet, made it his home, and he is buried there in a large shrine. The Kasur region became powerless when the Mughal Empire collapsed. Ahmad Shah Durrani of the Durrani Empire took Kasur captive.
Sikh The Sikh Empire under Ranjit Singh captured the city in 1807 in the Battle of Kasur.[27] During the First Anglo-Sikh War, the city was occupied by Company forces on February 10, 1846.[28] British During the British Raj, the irrigation canals were built that irrigated large portions of the Kasur District. Modern Refugees at Balloki, Kasur during the Partition of British India in 1947 After the formation of Pakistan in 1947, the minority Hindus and Sikhs migrated to India, while Muslim refugees migrated from India and settled in Kasur. [29] Riots erupted following the Jallianwala Bagh massacre on April 13, 1919, which resulted in the destruction of civic infrastructure, including the city's railway station. [30] After Pakistan gained independence, Kasur became a major center for leather tanning and is where 1/3 of the country's tanning industry is located.[32] Kasur is one of the biggest markets and trading hubs in the country for hide collection as well as leather tanning and processing. In recent times, hide traders in Kasur were involved in smuggling donkey hides, which are used in medicine, through the Karachi Port to China.[33] In January 2018, rioting over the rape and murder of seven-year-old Zainab Ansari resulted in the deaths of two protesters. Geographically, Kasur is bordered by Lahore to the north, India to the south and east, Okara and Nankana Sahab district, the city is adjacent to the border of Ganda Singh Wala, a border with its own flag-lowering ceremony, and Islamabad and Moscow agreed to change the name of the North-South Gas Pipeline Project to "Pakistan Stream Gas Pipeline" in May 2021.
According to the World Wide Fund for Nature's map of ecological regions, ecoregion Kasur is in the Deserts and xeric shrublands ecoregion and a subtropical thorn woodland biome (Northwestern thorn scrub forests).
Kasur's climate is hot and semi-arid (Köppen classification: BSh). Kasur has extreme temperatures; The summer months start in April and last until September. The hottest month is June. The mean most extreme and least temperature during the current month are around 45 °C (113.0 °F) and 27 °C (80.6 °F) separately. The winter months begin in November and run through February. It gets the coldest in January. The coldest month has a mean temperature of 22 °C (71.6 °F) and a mean temperature of 0 °C (32.0 °F). Monsoon conditions begin to develop shortly after the end of June, and for the next two and a half months, the rainy season alternates with hot weather. During the months of January, February, and March, a total of 23 millimeters (or 0.91 inch) to 31 millimeters (or 1.2 inch) of rain falls. A significant portion of the district has been affected by waterlogging and salinity, which has resulted in the underground water becoming brackish.[38] Climate data for Kasur, Pakistan by month (January-December): Record high °C (°F) 27.0 (80.6) 31.0 (87.8) 37.0 (98.6) Record low °C (°F) 6.0 (42.8) 10.0 (50.0) 14.0 (57.2) 20.0 (68.0) 24.0 (75.2) 27.0 (80.6 MyWeather2 [39]: Second Source: Weather Spark [40] Demography In 2020, 382,000 people will live in Kasur. Rajputs, Jats, Arains, Dogars, Ansari, Sheikhs, Pashtuns, and others are the main tribes that live here. Additionally, a significant number of them are Kashmiris who migrated prior to the partition. Moeens, also known as artisans; Christians, blacksmiths (Lohar), carpenters (Tarkhan), ceramicists (Kumhar), barbers, weavers, and others are among them.[41] Religion The majority of Kasur's population is Muslim, with a few Christian and Hindu minorities. In 1951, the Office of the Census Commissioner conducted a census, which revealed that 96% of Kasur's population was Muslim, with 0.004 Hindu minorities and 0.034 Christian minorities. [42] Notable individuals Bulleh Shah was a Muslim Sufi saint.
Aseff Ahmad Ali, a former foreign minister; Naveed Anwar, the 21st Leader of the Saskatchewan Liberal Party; Bawa Lal Dayal, a 14th-century saint; Irshad Ahmed Haqqani, a journalist; Noor Jehan, a singer and actress; Rana Muhammad Iqbal Khan, a former speaker of the Punjab assembly; Ahmad Raza Khan Kasuri, a former member of the National Assembly of Pakistan; Fauzia Kasuri, a
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